Cajuput oil (cejuput oil, oleum-melaleuca-cajeputi, or oleum cajeputi)

Cajuput oil is produced from the leaves of Melaleuca spp which belongs to the family and the order Myrtalae Myrtaceace. Some species are already known to produce the oil and is commercially cultivated is M. leucodendrom, M. cajuputih Roxb and M. Corn viridiflora. Its trees found naturally in the region of Southeast Asia, which grew in the lowlands or swamps but rarely found in mountainous areas. Its plants that grow in swamps have different chemical composition to that found in the lowlands. Plants that grow in swamps have sineol low levels, some even do not contain sineol, so it has no economic value.
In Indonesia, the plants growing in the Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Nusalaut, Ambon) and South Sumatra (along the Musi River, Palembang), Southeast Sulawesi, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Irian Jaya. In the area of the plants grow naturally, while plants that are cultivated in East Java and West Java.
Cajuput oil obtained by distilling the leaves of its plants in blue to green, while the oil that has been purified yellow to colorless and smells like camphor.
The main compounds of this oil is sineol which reached 65%. Given these components, cajuput oil can be directly used as medicines and perfumes. But abroad, it is also used as raw material for pharmaceutical and perfume industries. Other plants that also contain sineol are eucalyptus, with a levels of about 85%.
World demand for cajuput oil is estimated at more than 100 tons per year with the use of Asia's largest landmark, while in the world, eucalyptus oil is more used. Most people in Indonesia know this product better than other kind of essential oil because they use it daily when they feel cold or "masuk angin".
Melaleuca cajuputi sub sp. Cajuputi spread naturally in the Mollucas islands and northern Australia. This species has been widespread in Indonesia, especially in Java and the Moluccas by utilizing its leaves for distilled traditionally by the public and commercially to produce a high economic value oil. These plants have a long biological cycle, fast growing, can grow well in well drained soil and bad with high levels of salt and acid tolerant and open place and is resistant to the fire. The research of P3BPTH seedling types of its trees ancestry test in Gunungkidul obtained estimates for the genetic improvement of oil yield by 21% to the average population in the seed orchard, but when compared with the cajuput oil yield produced from the plant, the increase in the yield over 100%. On levels of 1.8 cyneole, produced an increase of 10%. As for the nature of crop growth obtained an increase of 15-20%. With the increase in its yield of 100%, it is expected that the production of cajuput oil can be increased to more than 2 times with the same crop area. Preparation of seedlings can be generative (seeds) and vegetative.
Quality of cajuput oil is classified into two, namely the quality of the Main (U) and quality of First (P). Both oil quality grade are distinguished by levels of cineol, which is a chemical compound derived terpene alcohol ester groups present in essential oils like cajuput oil. Cajuput oil quality has cineol content ≥ 55%, moderate quality of cineol levels less than 55%.
In general,its quality is said to have a distinctive odor, has a specific gravity measured at a temperature of 15oC for 0.90 to 0.93, has a refractive index at 20 Celcius degree temperature range between 1.46 to 1.47 and optical rotation at a temperature of 27.5 ° C (-4) - 0 degree. Refractive index is a number that indicates the ratio between the sine angle sine angle comes with a bias light, whereas the optical rotation in question is the magnitude of the playing field of polarization of a substance.
In addition, it will remain clear when tested solubility in alcohol 80%, ie in the ratio 1: 1, 1: 2, and so on till 1: 10. It is not allowed to contain the fats and oils of pelican. Fat oil is oil derived from animals and plants, such as beef tallow and coconut oils, which may be added as an ingredient in cajuput oil mixing. Likewise, the term describes a group pelican oil petroleum such as kerosene (kerosene) and petrol is used as mixing material for this oil, thus damaging the quality of the oil.
The most important part in these standards, in addition to determining the quality of the above, the test methods to determine its quality, both of which are listed in a document or packaging. Tests done in two ways, namely visual test methods and laboratories test. How to do a visual test for the test odor, while laboratories conducted trials to test the cineol content, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, solubility test in 80% alcohol, fatty oil content and oil content pelican.

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