Cape jasmine essential oil

Cape jasmine essential oil contains linalol and styrolyl compounds. While the fruit from this plant is known to contain crocin (a type of natural carotenoid which is found in the flowers of crocus and gardenia), having bright yellow color as well as on saffron. These include in Rubiaceae familia. It is usually grown by Javanese people as an ornamental bush, cultivated in front of or next to the home page, in order to beautify the yard.
Cape jasmine or Gardenia jasminoides or Gardenia augusta (in Latin name) is a flower that has a distinctive aroma and grow in the tropics. Its origin may be from Asia and it is widely grown in Indonesia/INA, Vietnam, southern China, Formosa (one of the Taiwan provinces), Japan and India. Other names are ceplok piring, cepiring, peciring (Java), buah patah, buah batek, buah kuning, bunga susu (INA). Its cultivation is carried out by cultivating the trunk rod cutting. The rod cutting having 3 to 4 segment is very good for this purpose. It requires high humidity to grow the flowers. The are blooming in summer. Research experts revealed that these flowers have cape jasmine essential oil. According to Benita Nofritasari and Suhardjono of Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University in Semarang, INA, its leaves has long been used by the domestic people as an antidiabetic traditional medicinal plant. Giving infuse of cape jasmine leaves at a certain dose can reduce blood glucose levels significantly. Dosage gardenia leaves in adult humans (50 kg) is 12 gardenia leaves which is equivalent with 10 grams.
Extraction by using PE (petroleum ether with the process is almost the same as the other flowers oil distillation gave 0.07% yield, specific gravity 1.009 (heavier than water), and optical rotation +1.47. That led to their last name of jasminoides is the identical marker compound: benzyl acetate. In addition, their other chemical constituents include: stryroyl acetate, linalol, linalyl acetate, terpeneneol, methyl anthranilate, lactone, gamma-decalactone, ocimene and tiglic acid. Unlike roses which can be used in food or drink, the essential oil produced from cape jasmine has toxic properties that are less safe or not recommended. The effect is calming and the price is more expensive than the rosa damascena, because it is quite difficult to get the material. This is a seasonal crop. INA has the potential to develop, but once again, they are facing competition from overseas markets especially China and India.

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Essential oil for aromatherapy

The uses of essential oil for aromatherapy is considered to be a technique of alternative medicine. This practice is expected that can help to prevent or cure diseases. The material used is a concentrated liquid that has a very distinctive smell. These are generally named after the plant from which it is extracted, for example peppermint oil. In the treatment, one kind is used together with other types. In addition, massage can be performed with some aspects of this technique to help to get a higher level of relaxation. With this essential substances, human mood will be affected.
Pampering our body with aromatherapy is no longer new. However, there are many things to consider in connection with this technique. This is often interpreted as any kind of healing using a variety of fragrance. In fact, detergent or floor deodorant or deodorizer is often grouped to be part of one of alternative medicine types. However, it is not easy to say that all of the fragrances application fall into that category. It is a healing technique using essential oil by inhaled, drunk, smeared, or massaged.
Aromatherapy benefit is not just for beauty care or relax the body. There are other, more noble functions, i.e. curing the body from diseases. But not all fragrances has healing effect. The essential materials from purified and freshly herb or spices plant parts can improve human health level. The services given by most beauty centers is not for treatment, but simply relaxing and refreshing. Not everyone fits with all of the volatile oil. They also do not take the proper dosage into account. For respiratory complaints and emotions, for example, the best way is by inhalation. For gastrointestinal complaints, it is better to take the essential oil for aromatherapy orally (but it needs recommendation or recipes from the expert). As for the cases of the skin and balance the functions of organs, it is proper with basting plus massage. To be on target, this is should be performed under the supervision of people who have a basic knowledge of medicine, or people who had already studied aromatherapy in particular. Because it use the product of nature, then this is considered to be one way of back to nature. Since the first, the plant extract has been used in the treatment and smells are used to soothe the soul. Currently, experts are conducting research development for hidden benefits contained in these materials for use in the healthcare field to reduce the application of synthetic drugs which showed side effects in several cases. Many results of those studies represented promising evidence.
This oil enter the human body through aromatherapy and the sense of smell come through the skin and then headed into a vein. Furthermore it goes into the limbic system / olfactory system in the brain. Limbic system is related to memory, breathing, blood circulation, endocrine glands. The compounds contained in this volatile substance will stimulate this system. Some of them can also be used as an oral medication, but this method requires the use of a trained guide or expert. However it is important to remember, even though it has many benefits, it does not mean safe. It needs directions and specific instructions of experts to use essential oil for aromatherapy orally or when used in pregnant women or in patients with epilepsy, heart disease and asthma.

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Galangal essential oil

Galangal essential oil have not been widely produced and studied. Though it has many benefits. During this time, the rhizome of the Alpinia galanga Linn plant used for seasoning of many typical dishes from Asia. In Indonesia, it is known as the "laos" and shredded, crushed or even cut as part of a flavor mash to cook dishes, such as tofu and tempeh or to fry chicken or for chili ingredient. In addition, it is also often ground to treat a variety of diseases that attack the human skin, especially tinea versicolor.
There are three types: the greater, lesser, and kaemferia galangal. In fresh form, it is generally aromatic, spicy, pepery, ginger-like, pungent, and has a slightly sour note. The greater and lesser type yield 0.5% to 1.5% essential oil, with eugenol, methyl cinnamate, and cineole as major compounds. Galangol and galangin is also found. The volatile compounds lately attracted the attention of the world, because it is biologically active as an antibacterial and antifungal properties that can be used as a preservative in foods and as a natural antibiotic. The volatile compounds change the way of its application, for example in the case of treatment or curing, to be more practical and easier. If we need one whole roots for a healing therapy, then we can use as much as one drop of its extract form.
Galangal essential oil can be produced by the method of steam distillation. Rhizomes that have been cut into pieces, put in a steamer of distillation apparatus gradually. Cormorant coupled with cooler (condenser), then reheated. Water flow into the condenser and it should be maintained so that it continues to flow. Condenser temperature can be kept cold by adding ice, so that all components that evaporate condensed and not loss into the air. Distillate obtained is a mixture of water and extract and then divided in a separating funnel. For complete separation, distillate is added by sodium chloride (NaCl) in order to remove emulsified components. Water phase is processed again because it still contains small amount of emulsified products. This work is repeated until all the product separated. Galangal essential oil obtained may still be contaminated with a little water, then it is processed further through purification with anhydrous calcium chloride and decanted.
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Hydrosol, byproduct of essential oil distillation

Hydrosol is known as the byproduct of essential oil distillation. The results of this processing step contain a mixture of oil and water. The volatile substance will separate from the condensed H2O(due to differences in specific gravity). It is also referred as volatile oil. In layman's terms, it is called fragrant seeds or bibit minyak wangi (Indonesian), while the aqueous phase is referred as "aromatic or floral water" (or in the trade term: hydrolate).
The use of hydrosol has been known since centuries ago, and recently began re-popularized by modern society. Many of the suppliers offer: "essential oils water spray ", but most of them do not use the distillation result, but just mix liquid H2O with few drops of the oil, then they give smell good impression. In the market, this offer is different, because the power of hydrosol aroma is much more durable, but mild (not so strong) as it is obtained as byproduct of minyak atsiri (Ind.). This mild characteristic is more preferred because it is more easy to use
The properties
This aromatic substance contain volatile compounds (carboxylic acids, alcohols) which is soluble in condensed H2O and only contain a small amount of ketones, so it becomes fragrant aroma and smells like the distilled material. This fragrant material is considered as a byproduct of essential oil distillation.
The benefit
Hydrosol examples of the best known by the public is "rose water". This is used in a variety of purposes relating to the world of cosmetics, such as a powder solvent, scrub, mask and so forth. Some examples and its usefulness:
Chamomile: calming effect, relaxes the stress and anti-inflammatory
Geranium: balancing emotions and moods paved
Neroli: adding to the spirit and moisturizing the skin
Rose, Sandalwood, and Lavender: Soothes the skin and make it smell good
Ginger hydrosol benefit: aromatherapy, raw materials of beauty and skin care products, natural oral therapy for symptoms of nausea (travel, morning sickness, post-anesthesia), a natural drinks that warms our bodies so that it is suitable for cold weather like today or while you celebrate a New Year's Eve 2012, etc.
Tips of use
In a single use, it is simply applied to the skin, or used as a mixture of water bath. In use as a powder solvent, scrub, mask and other,hydrosol as byproduct of essential oil distillation is used for thinning them.

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Cardamom oil

Cardamom oil has a promising market in Europe with a price in excess of U.S. $ 230.0 per kg. The yield depends on the type of raw materials. This is generally used as a flavor agent as well as having benefits for human health and treatment. Its components consist mainly of cineol and alpha terpenil acetate. The rest is oxygenated monoterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons, and a sesquiterpene.
Its raw material (kapolaga herb or kapulaga in Indonesia); is known to have two types, namely Sabrang (Elettaria cardamomum) and local (Amomum cardamomum). Sabrang is the kind which is most cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Laos, Guatemala, and El Salvador. This species is regarded as the true one, while the type which is widely planted in Indonesia is local type and called as well as the false. The main compounds of True Cardamom Oil are terpenes, terpineol and cineol, while False Cardamom Oil also contain borneol and camphor (kamfer).
Cardamom oil sold in the international market is produced through the distillation of the seeds (Sabrang types), while the products of local species is not yet known. The processing technology used is generally steam distillation. The color is clear to pale yellow. Types are planted in Indonesia is widely used for a mixture of herbs, while its essential oil is not much produced. The results showed that the characteristics of Sabrang cardamom oil, locally grown at Sukabumi West Java - Indonesia, can meet the requirements of International Standards, while the characteristics of the essential oil from local species are very different. The main difference of these two kinds of products is their main components, which Sabrang contains terpinil acetate, while the main content of local species is cineol. Other components include limonene, sabinen, linalool, linalyl acetate, pinene, and zingiberen.
The yield of Sabrang cardamom oil and the local one is 3.5 and 2.5%. The essential oil of true species is widely used as a fragrance component in soaps, detergents, lotions, creams, and perfumes, especially the oriental and is an important flavor in food processing. The maximum usage rate in the perfume was 0.4 and 0.01% in alcoholic beverages. High price in foreign markets provide hope for the development of Sabrang species as a new source of essential oils. Utilization of local species is for the pharmaceutical industry and partly as a culinary ingredient. It is also used as raw material for its oleoresin.
Usefulness of essential oil for their plants itself is that C4 photosynthesis minimizes photorespiration and increases sugar production. This adaptation is very useful in hot regions with a lot of sunlight and in environments like these C4 plants emerge and flourish. In addition, it is also useful in the process of pollination by attracting several kinds of insects using its unique smell. Preventing damage to crops by animals and as a reserve food for plants is another function of volatile oils for their plants. While the cardamom oil benefits are as a fragrance enhancer, an ingredient for mixture of herbs or medications to reduce stomach bloating pain, sore throat, hoarseness, reducing excessive fart, anti-cough, preventing bone loss, rheumatism, whooping cough, stomach cramps, vomiting, stomach inflammation (gastritis), fever, gout, muscle pains and hernias.
In general, cardamom oil has chemical compunds as follows: terpineol, borneol, sebinena, cineol, β-camphor, limonene, α-terpinene, proteins, sugars, fats, acetate, mirkena, mirtenal, karvona, and silicates.

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Rose essential oil

Rose essential oil is one of the oldest and most valuable raw materials for perfumery. Not all of its components are soluble in the cosmetics. It is started from a perennial erect shrub with beautiful sweet scented flowers. Out of about 120 species, three species are commercially used for the essential oil production, namely, Rosa damascena., R. Gallica and R. centifolia. R. damascena is the most important with a delicate fragrance from which most of the high grade product. The extracted absolute adds lasting notes. Bulgarian rose oil is used for flavouring Certain types of tobacco. Limited quantities of otto are employed in flavouring soft drinks.
Plant and flower
Other species is R. alba with white flowers, but with less content of essential oil (EO). Indonesia to develop a hybrid type like sonia, Tineke, and pareo. The production reached 140-190 flowers per m2 per year. Usually it is fully formed after 20-25 days. It needs environment temperature about 15-23 degree Celsius and humidity 60%. If the ambient temperature is greater than 23 degree Celsius, then the respiration faster than photosynthesis so that the amount of flower are increasing but the content and quality of its EO declined.
Time to harvest is only 20 days annually. In order to get the higher yield with the highest quality, flower pickers must go to the garden at 5 am.
It should be harvested before the morning dew evaporates. According to experts, the crop yields on two different mornings will produce different characteristics of EO.
Producer countries
The best rose essential oil used as a perfume ingredient is not from France, but from the Balkans, Bulgaria. Famous perfume brands in the world, often using it as potential materials for its flagship commodities. And now they began to like Bulgarian rose essential oil which is said to have the best quality. The main producers in the world today include Bulgaria, Turkey, Morocco, Iran, France and Italy. Approximately 60 to 70 percent of world production of this product has been imported by France.
According to experts, the special characteristics of the climate in Bulgaria, has made the rose essential oil produced is more flavorful and durable. This makes manufacturers compete to use it. In the world, its prices constantly on the increase, according to the type of processing needed to produce this valuable raw material.
The amazing value
Rose oil price today has reached $U.S. 9,000/kg. Experts from Bulgaria, predict that an increase in demand for this product may be increased sharply. The production of this precious perfume substance needs a lot of labor. To produce two pounds (= 0.9 kg) of rose essential oil, requires 5,500 pounds (about 2.5 tons) to 6,600 pounds (2.9 tons) of raw materials. For that reason, its price is often compared to the gold price. In Bulgaria for example, 0.002 lb (about 9 grams) of this product sold at a price of $ U.S. 24.
The application
The rose essential oil is not only used for perfumes and cosmetics. Rose water and jam is used for making syrups and medicinal preparations. The Americans have found other use: to maintain spacecraft equipment. This is because it is more resistant to various temperatures. It is also contained in the most expensive perfume which is now on display for sale in Spain at a price of U.S. $ 636.000 per bottle (500 ml). One mini bottle of this luxury fluid contains at least 170 kinds of rose essential oil. This precious perfume is made with takes 1 year of manufacture.

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Different types of essential oils

Essential oils (EO) are obtained by different methods -- distillation being the most familiar. There are four different types of essential oils: absolutes vs. concretes, expressed, solvent-extracted, and steam-distilled.
Absolutes are "essences," rather than "essential" oils. They are generally obtained from the extraction of a concrete with alcohol. A concrete is the solid waxy residue derived from hexane extraction of plant parts(usually the flower petals). This method is used for botanicals where the fragrance and therapeutic parts of the plant can only be unlocked using solvents. These are not to be used internally, as traces of petrochemicals remain in the product. Jasmine and neroli are examples of absolutes.
Expressed oil are pressed from the rind of fruits (usually citrus). Tangerines, grapefruits, lemons and oranges are produced by this method. Technically speaking, these are not EO - they are expressed product, but they are highly regarded for their therapeutic properties, none the less. It is best to use only organically grown crops for this method, since pesticide residues, especially highly toxic, carbamate and chloride-based petrochemicals, can become highly concentrated in this product.
Solvent extration involves the use of oil-soluble solvents, such as hexane, dimethylenechloride, and acetone. There is no guarantee that the finished product will be free of solvent residues. Steam distillation is the oldest and most traditional extraction method. Plant material is inserted into a cooking chamber, and steam is passed through it. After the steam is collected and condensed, it is processed through a separator to collect the product. The amount of pressure used, the amount of time the plant parts is steamed and the material the steam chamber is constructed of contribute a great deal to the quality of the product.
Glossaries related to the different types of essential oils
Absolute : the most concentrated form of fragance obtained when distilling a concrete.
Balsam : water soluble, semi-solid or viscous resinous exudate similar to that gum.
Concrete : a waxy concentrated semi-solid EO extract, made from plant parts, and is used to make absolute.
Essence : the liquid products resulting from the condensation of vapour from puree processing.
Essential oils : volatile aromatic liquid consisting the odorous principles botanical matter
Fixed oil : obtained from plants that are fatty and non-volatile
Flower water : the water resulting from the distillation of essential oils, which still contains some of the properties of the plant parts used in the processing.
Fractionated oil : it have been re-distilled, either to have terpenes removes or remove other substances.
Infused oil : its is produced by steeping the macerated botanical material in oil until it has taken on some the material properties.
Oleo gum resin : odoriferous exudation from botanical material consisting of essential oils, gum, and resin.
Oleoresin (OR): Natural resinous exudation from plants or aromatic liquid preparation extracted from botanical material. Solvent extraction of properly ground plant parts subsequent removal of solvent distillation gives dark coloured viscous products.
Resin : they are natural exudations from trees, prepared resins are OR from which the essential oils has been removed.
Resinoids : perfumed substances extracted from natural resinous material by using solvent.
Terpeneless : EO from which monoterpene hydrocarbons have been removed.
Tincture : either a herbal or perfume substances prepared in an alcohol base.
Volatile : substance that is unstable an evaporates easily, like an EO, then give distinct aroma
Spice oil : EO obtained by steam or water distillation of ground spices and in some cases whole spices.
Perfume : liquid with a specific favour produced by mixing or blending two or more EO in a solvent
Different types of essential oils showed the effect on their chemical composition, properties, proper application, and application concentration, although it used the same raw materials.

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Types of Aromatherapy

The types of aromatherapy using essential oil are categorized as internally and externally aromatherapy. However, the effectiveness of the active ingredient from any materials that will be used needs to be learned before. It aims to obtain an optimal effect and right-of-use.
Internal aromatherapy types
In the form of liquid, pure essential oil can be directly consumed orally (eat or drink by mouth) and through inhalation (inhaled through the nose). Examples of these are the oils of peppermint, clove, anise, basil, mint, rosemary, chamomile, bergamot, basil, betel, and others. Some products made from essential oils have also been produced, among others, in the form of lozenges, stick incense or cone, candles, and evaporation using burners.
Stick essence works as incense. How to use stick incense: burn the upper end of essence stick and place it in the stick holder. Then place them in a corner of the room that we want to be filled with fragrance. The length of stick essence burn approximately 20 minutes, but the fragrance can last up to approximately 1.5 hours. It is not recommended for people with asthma and cold caused by allergy in the morning.
Types of external aromatherapy
In general, the use of aromatherapy is mostly done outside the body externally than internally from within the body. As a material for medicines, essential oil easily absorbed when direct contact with the skin layer. However, this is more optimal if it is done by using the proper way. Some methods are often done in between a massage and water therapies.
The recommended ways for massage are: rub your body with essential oils just before bed. It feels a bit sticky and bitter (if licked); but then your body feel quite warm and, because of the aromatic fragrance, the feeling and the mind becomes more calm and relaxed. It is recommended to use oil with a fragrance intended for the afternoon / evening. After a few times, then the skin will feel supple, soft and not dry and cracked. Essential oils can also be used without the massage.
Bath salts are usually affixed to the water to soak. The content of salts and aromatic fragrance makes your body becomes fresh, gives you smooth skin, and the calm mind. If you do not have a bath tub to soak, then soak the feet with water spiked with a tablespoon of bath salts is enough to make fatigue and aches in the legs disappeared, and the mind calm. Adjust the aromatic fragrance for morning or afternoon / evening. It can also be replaced by a few drops of essential oil.
If you do not have much time to soak; you can still feel the fragrance in the bath. Soap scented with a choice of various fragrances of aromatherapy can replace the that salts. Its use is very easy just like using regular soap. Besides the skin becomes smooth, feel fresh, and relaxing your thoughts with aromatic soap.
The proper use of the types of aromatherapy uses essential oils greatly assist the efficient and accurate work of active ingredients.

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What is aromatherapy

What is aromatherapy
Aromatherapy actually covers three inter-related factors. They are the body, mind and spirit. Because it is a form of treatment or on behalf of Aromatherapy products must be able to provide a real therapeutic effect which includes the above 3 things. Not just talking about factors of the body as long as this develops. And the bottom line again is that aromatherapy is not only about the 'beauty' or beauty alone. But more than that, Aromatherapy is a form of 'healing' or the healing process.
Aromatherapy is a form of therapy by using essential oils or 'aromatic' oils. Pharmacologically, essential oils have a real efficacy in the treatment and healing our bodies from various health problems. So with a foothold in the natural health, it was a natural beauty will shine. One example of the use of aromatherapy for body care is the use of eucalyptus oil to treat stomach aches. Who can deny the real efficacy of White Wood oil? As we all know primarily by the Indonesian community that this type of essential oil is always used as a reference if you have mild health problems in the abdominal area and our breathing. Only with smeared on the experience health problems, then the effect will be immediate and the pain was reduced even with the soon to be healed. Well, this is a real efficacious Aromatherapy for the body. Or another example is the use of oil in the oil Cironella wasps as a cure wounds. Look at how quickly the wound dry. That's because Citronella oil has the ability to freeze blood and regenerate skin cells rapidly. Even in an SPA product, Citronella oil mixed into the body scrubs. Given that the pharmacological Citronella is also antiseptic, so the cream is not just a function scrubs remove dead skin cells, but also kills the bacteria that exist in the skin.
In addition to real merit to the health and beauty of the body, essential oils also affect the mind (mind). When someone is having thoughts that cause tension headaches, essential oils such as Fennel (anise) is soothing, will be able to relax the nerves. A gentle warmth will help relax the muscles and blood circulation. The aroma was when inhaled by the nose and was captured by the receptors in the nostril, will be forwarded to the brain for later nerve-nerve response in accordance with the orders of the brain. And stretching the nerves will feel.
The stability of the soul (spirit) we are influenced by psychological factors. If the pressure of certain circumstances as a consequence of this life have brought someone on the unstable psychological condition, then it really needs to watch out and do treatment as early as possible. An example is the life of a career in the big cities. Accelerating the development of civilization has indirectly forced the professionals we are to exert all abilities both physically seemed to mind. That in turn will lead to fatigue, even to the extent of depression. And this is a real fact. As evidence is my experience over many years to pursue this Aromatherapy business. Most of our customers are in the productive age between ages 25 to 40 years. And most of them looking for Aromatherapy for the peace of the soul as a healer of their souls anxiety due to the demands of civilization. This is where the essential oil would be very instrumental. Certain oils such as Rose oil, Jasmine, greentea, Sandalwood, Ylang ylang Cempaka and will bring the feel of soul lovers Aromatherapy to calm the situation that alpha waves lull even
From the brief exposition above, then we can catch a picture of the function of essential oil therapy is called Aromatherapy. So a product can be regarded as aromatherapy if it contains essential oils as the active substance is real merit in providing therapeutic effects for the body (BODY), thought (MIND) and soul (Soul) as a whole. If just a scent that can affect mood alone (soul) but not efficacious person physically (body) and mind (mind), then it can not be regarded as Aromatherapy.

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Jasmine oil

Jasmine oil is produced mostly in France and it is mainly produced for perfumes. There are two kinds of cultivated varieties: J. officinale L; and J. L. officinale grandiflorum var.
The flowers after they are picked to live in physiological and producing essential oils. Production of essential oils is discontinued when they have died and rotted. So, in order to get the essential oil, it is carried out by extraction using enfleurage system (cold fat). In this way, the yield is quite high and a high level of fragrance, but its production cost is quite expensive, so it is rarely used. Another way of jasmine oil production is using the extraction solvent evaporated (solvent extraction) to make it.
The fresh oil is reddish brown, and has a distinctive smell. The absolute is sticky, clear, yellow brown and has a fragrant odor. If this absolute adsorbs the air, it will change oil smells, more viscous, and eventually form a resin.
It is generally used as fragrance substances of high class perfume. This oil is usually exported to Singapore, Australia, Europe, Middle East, India, China, and Thailand. Jasmine oil export volume has decreased drastically in 2005 compared to the previous year.
On the other hand, when it needs the natural oils including its flowers for the purposes of the cosmetics industry, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, soaps, herbal industry, and aroma therapy are still very high. Especially for the purposes of aromatherapy as part of fitness care, it has a very important role. According to the Herbal Encyclopedia, its scent is capable of causing a relaxing effect, eliminates the tension of mind / depression, and gives the impression of calm (calm). Because the efficacy of this, perhaps Indonesian ancestors used it as a bride flower .
Several types of the this oil products are:
a) special jasmine oil>, the oil extracted from its flowers with petroleum ether solvent, as raw materials of high quality fragrance oils.
b) jasmine oil, ie oil extracted from its flowers with a benzole solvent, as raw material for perfume medium quality.
c) special pomade Oil, which is the oil obtained by techniques enfleurage,
d) pomade Oil, the oil extracted from its flowers using enfleurage, as technical deodorizer.

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Cinnamon oil

Cinnamon oil obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness called Cinnamon oils, while derived from Cinnamomum cassia called Cassia oil. Cinnamon oil is used as a flavouring agent in the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics, and soaps.
Its export volumes are relatively small. BPS (Central Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia) mentioned that at period of 2000 - 2003, its export volume is quite large in 2000 which amounted to 14,400 tons, but declined rapidly in subsequent years, only up to 100 tons / year.
Addition of 1 teaspoon of cinnamon into the dish, can inhibit the rise in blood sugar levels than people who do not consume it. Thus the findings of experts in this oil which is published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. "It improve insulin sensitivity, thereby allowing a person to use more glucose in the blood and keep blood sugar levels remain stable," said research team leader, Joanna Hlebowicz PhD. Addition of this spice into a dish that contains carbohydrates or starch may also stabilize blood sugar after meals. Stable blood sugar levels will minimize fluctuations in blood sugar levels, and for people with diabetes it means reducing their insulin requirements.
Its trees is one of the typical crops grown in Indonesia and many mountainous areas, such as Kerinci in Jambi Province. From this plant which can be commercialized especially is its bark (cassiavera) as the main source of cinnamon oil. This product has a distinctive aroma and flavor that is classified into exotic spices from the east (oriental flavor). It can be further processed into dried product in the form of sheets or bars (sticks), powders, or extracts (cinnamon oil or oleoresin). These products are usually exported in the form of dry sheets or bars to multiple destinations including the European Union and the United States.
From the research in ITS, Indonesia by Indah Ratri Puspaningsih about distillation of this essential oil, obtained conclusions: The longer the time of distillation of cinnamon oil obtained yield more and more. The smaller the size of the material to be distilled, then the yield produced is more and more. The oil from the bark obtained at most eight hours, with material size> 50 mesh and material capacity of 800 grams. Volume of the essential oil produced from the bark during the 8-hour experiment with material size> 50 mesh and the material capacity of 800 grams is 8 ml. The oil produced has: density: 0.899 gr/cm3 acid value: 2.8, water content: 1.976%; oil content: 1%.

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Fennel Oil

Fennel oil, also called minyak adas in Indonesia, produced from the fennel plant. Varieties that produce this oil consists of two sub-species, namely Var. Vulgare (Miller) Thelling (wild and bitter) and Var. Dulce (Miller) Thelling (intensive cultivation and sweet). It is commercially produced by distillation of its fruit (seeds) using steam distillation system. Its yield is approximately 1-6%. Distillation to make this essential oil should be done immediately after grain harvest. During the process of distillation of fennel oil, the condenser temperature should be kept rather high, to prevent freezing of the oil in the condenser tubes.
The main components found in fennel oil such as anthole, fenchone, and estragole. The presence of these components in that essential oil depending on the varieties. It is known as one component of Telon oil. Telon oil is a famous oils in Indonesia used to warm baby’s body (but not too hot).
Fennel essential oils are the most important of the Dulce variety contain anethol (50-80%), limonene (5%), fenchone (5%), estragole (methyl-chavicol), safrol, alpha-pinene (0.5%), camphene, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene and p-cymen. Vulgare varieties are not used to be cultivated, because although it sometimes contain more oil, but this kind of fennel oil is characterized by a bitter fenchone (12-22%) so that it is cheaper than the other one from varieties of Dulce.
The content of fennel oil issued anethol causing a distinctive aroma and nutritious carminative. The roots contain bergaptene. Roots and seeds contain stigmasterine (serposterine). Pharmacological Effects and Outcomes Research: 1. Active components, anisaldehide, improving efficacy streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculosis in mice. 2. Improve the digestive tract and stimulate peristalsis expenditure fart (flatus). 3. Eliminate cold and phlegm. 4. It containing anethol, fenchone, chavicol, and efficacious anisaldehide soothing the digestive tract and works like a stimulant appetite. 5. From one study in adult humans, it is found that this oil has devastating effects of kidney stones. 6. In animal experiments, extracts of its leaf decoction can lower blood pressure. However, other ways of fennel oil processing do not show these properties.
Local Name
Hades (Sunda), adas, adas londa, adas landi (Jawa),; Adhas (Madura), adas (Bali), wala wunga (Sumba).; Das pedas (Aceh), adas, adas pedas (melayu).; Adeh, manih (Minangkabau). paapang, paampas (Menado).; Popoas (Alfuru), denggu-denggu (Gorontalo), ; Papaato (Buol), porotomo (Baree). kumpasi (Sangir Talaud).; Adasa, rempasu (Makasar), adase (Bugis).; Hsiao hui (China), phong karee, mellet karee (Thailand),; Jintan Manis (Malaysia). barisaunf, madhurika (Ind./Pak.).; fenkel, spigel.

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Jeruk Purut / Kaffir Lime Oils

Kaffir lime oil is generally produced by the method of steam distillation or steam from several parts of its trees. The trees height is between 2 and 12 metres. The trunk is rather small, curved or angular and branched low. Older stems are round, dark green, can be plain or mottled. The leaves is yellowish green and aromatic. The shape is round with a blunt tip and stemmed. Winged leaf stalk width, making it almost resembles a leaf.
The materials used to make essential oil are its leaves or skin.
Characteristics of the the oil from the leaves mainly dominated by volatile oil citronelal (80%), the rest is citronelol (10%), nerole, and limonene.
The essential oil that is derived from the industry was widely used in cosmetics, perfumes, antiseptics, etc.
The oil from the leaves in international trade is called kaffir lime oil. It is widely produced in Indonesia with an output of several tons per year. Kaffir lime oil consumption at this time is dominated by the fragrance industry, but its potential is quite large in flavor, although these kaffir lime oil do not have FEMA numbers.
The leaves contain 1.8% tannins, steroid triterpenoids, and essential oils from 1 to 1.5% v / b. Fruit skins contain saponins, tannins I%, steroid triterpenoids, and the kaffir lime oil containing citrate 2 to 2.5% v / b.
Kaffir lime oil total fraction contains 19 compounds with higher levels of the class of hydrocarbon monoterpenes (α-pinene (0.14%), sabinen (3.09%), β-pinene (0.18%), β-mirsen ( 1.42%), limonene (0.24%), β-osimen (0.76%), γ-terpinen (0.13%), α-terpinolen (0.16%)) and the class of oxygenated monoterpenes (linalol (4.89%), neoisopulegol (0.44%), citronellal (74.83%), terpinen-4-ol (0.22%), β-sironelol (7.82%), sitronelil acetate (2.64%), neril acetate (0.78%)), whereas seskuiterpene hydrocarbon group (trans-kariofilen (1.25%), α-humulen (0.21%), bicycloogermacrene(0.60%) and δ-cadinene (0.21%)).

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Cajuput oil (cejuput oil, oleum-melaleuca-cajeputi, or oleum cajeputi)

Cajuput oil is produced from the leaves of Melaleuca spp which belongs to the family and the order Myrtalae Myrtaceace. Some species are already known to produce the oil and is commercially cultivated is M. leucodendrom, M. cajuputih Roxb and M. Corn viridiflora. Its trees found naturally in the region of Southeast Asia, which grew in the lowlands or swamps but rarely found in mountainous areas. Its plants that grow in swamps have different chemical composition to that found in the lowlands. Plants that grow in swamps have sineol low levels, some even do not contain sineol, so it has no economic value.
In Indonesia, the plants growing in the Moluccas (Buru, Seram, Nusalaut, Ambon) and South Sumatra (along the Musi River, Palembang), Southeast Sulawesi, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Irian Jaya. In the area of the plants grow naturally, while plants that are cultivated in East Java and West Java.
Cajuput oil obtained by distilling the leaves of its plants in blue to green, while the oil that has been purified yellow to colorless and smells like camphor.
The main compounds of this oil is sineol which reached 65%. Given these components, cajuput oil can be directly used as medicines and perfumes. But abroad, it is also used as raw material for pharmaceutical and perfume industries. Other plants that also contain sineol are eucalyptus, with a levels of about 85%.
World demand for cajuput oil is estimated at more than 100 tons per year with the use of Asia's largest landmark, while in the world, eucalyptus oil is more used. Most people in Indonesia know this product better than other kind of essential oil because they use it daily when they feel cold or "masuk angin".
Melaleuca cajuputi sub sp. Cajuputi spread naturally in the Mollucas islands and northern Australia. This species has been widespread in Indonesia, especially in Java and the Moluccas by utilizing its leaves for distilled traditionally by the public and commercially to produce a high economic value oil. These plants have a long biological cycle, fast growing, can grow well in well drained soil and bad with high levels of salt and acid tolerant and open place and is resistant to the fire. The research of P3BPTH seedling types of its trees ancestry test in Gunungkidul obtained estimates for the genetic improvement of oil yield by 21% to the average population in the seed orchard, but when compared with the cajuput oil yield produced from the plant, the increase in the yield over 100%. On levels of 1.8 cyneole, produced an increase of 10%. As for the nature of crop growth obtained an increase of 15-20%. With the increase in its yield of 100%, it is expected that the production of cajuput oil can be increased to more than 2 times with the same crop area. Preparation of seedlings can be generative (seeds) and vegetative.
Quality of cajuput oil is classified into two, namely the quality of the Main (U) and quality of First (P). Both oil quality grade are distinguished by levels of cineol, which is a chemical compound derived terpene alcohol ester groups present in essential oils like cajuput oil. Cajuput oil quality has cineol content ≥ 55%, moderate quality of cineol levels less than 55%.
In general,its quality is said to have a distinctive odor, has a specific gravity measured at a temperature of 15oC for 0.90 to 0.93, has a refractive index at 20 Celcius degree temperature range between 1.46 to 1.47 and optical rotation at a temperature of 27.5 ° C (-4) - 0 degree. Refractive index is a number that indicates the ratio between the sine angle sine angle comes with a bias light, whereas the optical rotation in question is the magnitude of the playing field of polarization of a substance.
In addition, it will remain clear when tested solubility in alcohol 80%, ie in the ratio 1: 1, 1: 2, and so on till 1: 10. It is not allowed to contain the fats and oils of pelican. Fat oil is oil derived from animals and plants, such as beef tallow and coconut oils, which may be added as an ingredient in cajuput oil mixing. Likewise, the term describes a group pelican oil petroleum such as kerosene (kerosene) and petrol is used as mixing material for this oil, thus damaging the quality of the oil.
The most important part in these standards, in addition to determining the quality of the above, the test methods to determine its quality, both of which are listed in a document or packaging. Tests done in two ways, namely visual test methods and laboratories test. How to do a visual test for the test odor, while laboratories conducted trials to test the cineol content, specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation, solubility test in 80% alcohol, fatty oil content and oil content pelican.

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Massoi oils / masoi oils

Masoi oil produced from the distillation of masoi (Cryptocarya spp) bark, has a fragrance (sweetish oil) and feels hot when exposed to skin. Cryptocarya spp grow wild in the eastern part of Indonesia's forests, height about 40 m. Trunked upright, the inside is red, while the dove-colored skin.
Masoi oil contains about 80% eugenol, and 6% terpene and safrole. It is a natural source of lactone. The content of safrole in the Masoi essential oil needed in the chemical industry, for heliotropin maker, raw material celluloide (film), cosmetics and fragrances.
Masoi oil is produced in Indonesia with an output of more than 5 tons per year in export destination countries such as USA, Europe, Australia and Japan.
Judging from its constituent chemical components, this oil is different from mace oils. It doesn’t contain eugenol, while the mace oils contain small amounts of eugenol. The main component in this oil is compounding massoilactone (C10H16O2).
On the island of Java, the bark are traded in the form of bundles, weighing about 10 kg bundle type and size of skin about 100 cm long and 5 cm wide. The bark is usually used as a mixture of traditional medicines, particularly in the manufacture of herbal medicine.
The plants consist of various varieties are included in the family Lauraceae, among others Cryptocaria massoi (especially found in Bogor). Massoi aromatica Baecari, Cinnamomum Cinnamomum culilawan xanthoneuron Blum and Blum.

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Cendana Oils (Sandalwood Oils)

Sandalwood oil (Santanum album L) in Indonesia are produced intensively on the island of Timor. Its plants in the form of a small evergreen tree with straight trunk and rounded with no groove. This plant is suitable in areas with cold and dry valve and the medium intensity of sunlight. Long dry months is very good influence on the formation of its essential oil and its fragrance. The small-leaved varieties has a higher sandalwood oil content in the wooden porch, but lower levels of santanol.
It is obtained from the distillation of the core of its rod with a long time of distillation process because of the high boiling point of the oil. Sandalwood oil yield is about 3-5%.
Its content is essential oils, hars, and tanning substances. Mainly from the its tree butts and roots, the aromatic oil can be distilled,. It is used in high quality soaps and as a perfumes fixative. Steam distillation, yields 5 sesquiterpene alcohols, epi-alpha-bisabolol, (Z)-alphasantalol, 2(E),6(E)-farnesol, (Z)-beta-santalol and (Z)-nuciferol. The percentage of epi-alpha-bisabolol increases with increasing height up the the trees and even the volatile fraction of a the dead branch contained. Two santalols,(Z)-beta-santalol and (Z)-nuciferol, were highest in the its buttwood.The main component of sandalwood oil is santanol. In international trade, santanol levels should be more than 90%, if not then the market will not accept it.
Estimated worldwide demand of sandalwood oil is more than 50 tons / year. Indonesia had ranked second after India (Myrose). They plays an important role in the fragrance industry. It can be used to perfume themselves, and can also be expensive for perfume binder (Violet, Cassie, Rose, Reseda, and Ambete).
In 2007, sandalwood oil export volume about 403,148 kg with an export value of U.S. $ 3,814,800 (CBS, 2008), up significantly from the previous year with only 21,751 kg of export volume and value of U.S. $ 1,736,214.
Sandalwood oil benefits is as antipyretic, analgesic, carminative, stomachache therapy, and diuretics.
Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) from the Republic of Indonesia, Hassan Sharif, in March 2011 launched the handicraft from Cendana of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), became one of the national flagship product.
"The establishment of this superior commodity is in line with the program of the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs about the "one village - one product " by utilizing existing resources in one area," he said, in Kupang, Indonesia at Friday, March 11, 2011.
According to the Minister, any programs to introduce a superior product that can be used as an area of national as well as superior commodity become viable to be export commodity.
He said that in addition to NTT wood crafts, either in the form of souvenirs or essential oil, the diversity of weaving in this area can also be a national flagship product.
"Because of the handicraft from Sandalwood and “Tenun ikat” (one of traditional weaving style at NTT - Indonesia) has long been known to the public, from the marketing campaign would not even be congested," he said.
To that end, the Minister asked the people in this area, supporting the program of NTT Government, which was determined to restore the popularity of this oil, by planting 10 million saplings of its plants.
The Minister added, regarding the marketing of excellent products, if one area is facing difficulties, the current Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs have set up a building in Jakarta to be used as a location for a permanent exhibition and marketing, and is free of charge.
He said, if each regions in Indonesia have a superior product, there will be a wide variety of products offered on the market. While consumers are presented with many choices, too.
This step, he said, to encourage creativity and innovation in local economic actors both cooperatives and SMEs to create superior commodity, which have competitiveness.
"I also call attention to helping local governments and fostering cooperatives and SMEs in their respective areas to grow into an economic force that is able to prosper the community," he added.
However the growth of sandalwood oil industry in Indonesia is expected to ensure the utilization of crop yields

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Kenanga Oils / Cananga Oils

Cananga oil obtained by distillation cananga flowers. In the local areas of Indonesia, small and medium scale processors usually distill that oil by boiling method. The distillates (kenanga oil) consist of several factions that have different composition and quality. Faction of this essential oil with the best quality is that contains high levels of ester and ether, low sesquiterpenes. It is still exported in a crude form. By American and European importers, it is usually precessed through rectification to produce clearer and more easily soluble oil. The final oil will shrink as much as 25%.
The plants (Cananga odorata) were spreaded from the Philippines. In Java (Indonesia), the plants grow wild. The plants thrive in the lowlands with high humidity, tropical climate and close to the beach. In Java, the plants is usually planted in the yard, but not cultivated. Producing areas of its flower in Java Island is (one of Indonesia big Island) is Banten. The only problem with the flower and its aroma in that area (Java) is related with local mystique believe. The non sense thing.
The young flower is green, while the old yellow. The highest yield and quality of cananga oil have been found in the perfectly mature one(amber colored).
It is only produced in Indonesia with an output of 20 tons / year. Specialized in Java, cananga oil producing region is Boyolali and Blitar. In the world, cananga oil consumption is still limited compared ylang-ylang oil, but it is still important because of the smell of this oil is more durable and less expensive than ylang-ylang oil. In industry, it is used as a fragrance ingredient of soap.
The flowers are traded since ancient times in Java, especially to make a hair oil that is often used by Javanese women. In addition to nourish and improve the black color of the human hair., cananga oil aroma is also appealing. That's why it is known as a perfume tree. Parts of plants that can be used in cosmetics and herbal therapy are the flowers. Chemical content in the essential oil are benzoic, farnesol, geraniol, linalool, benzyl acetate, eugenol, safrol, cadinene and pinene. Its chemical compounds are volatile and are excellent for aromatherapy. It is also used to blend masks and scrubs.
Linalool as the cananga oil major component, can be converted into a compound that is linalil acetate esters. Linalil acetate useful as a perfume, cosmetics, and as an antibacterial. Changes in components of the oil as the esterification results will affect the antibacterial activity. Esterification reaction of linalool with acetic acid and catalyst ZnCl2 anhidrid use heating in refluxing resulting acetic linalil ester with yield of 13.25% while the esterification of linalool with no heating doesn’t produce acetic linalil ester. Heating affects the esterification reaction by increasing the acetic linalil ester resulted. The oil produced from that esterification has lower activity as an antibacterial for S. aureus.
According to Danna Amelia research , the cananga oil yield from steam distillation of its fresh flowers sample was 0.325% (w / w) while for the wilted flowers is 0.276% (w / w). Components of the oil from the fresh one are 1-methoxy-4-methyl benzene (3.05%), linalool (22.06%), geranyl acetate (7.54%), trans-caryophilene (28.06%), α -humulene (8.65%) and D-germacrene (21.91%), while the wilted one is, 1-methoxy-4-methyl benzene (2.79%), linalool (21.76%), trans -caryophilene (31.87%), α-humulen (9.25%) and D-germacrene (21.62%). The results of physico-chemical properties of cananga oil is yellow translucent in color, fragrant smell of kenanga, 0.9157 specific gravity and refractive index of 1.5039, while for oil of the wilted one is clear translucent in color, fragrant smell with a little burnt nuance, specific gravity 0.9138 and refractive index 1.5040 (Danna Amelia, 2011)

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Ginger oil

Ginger oil production is done by distillation (by steam distillation or water distillation) of its rhizome which had previously been dried in the form of flakes or powders. Average yield of this essential oil is 1-3% (dry) depending on its type, the effectiveness and the handling of the distillation. Ginger oil extraction with solvents produces a higher yield than the refinery, because not only its essential oil, but its oleoresin is also extracted, which provides the spicy flavor.
Environmental conditions where its plants can grow well is at about 2500-4000 mm rainfall per year, at a temperature of 25-35 ° C, and medium or high air humidity. The plant requires a fertile soil, friable, rich in humus and well drained; can also grow in soil and ground brown red latosol andosol.
The main compounds of ginger oil is zingiberene, and zingiberol which causes its typical smell. It is used as a raw material of soft drink, in the flavoring industry, pharmacy and perfumery.
Ginger oil is largely exported to USA, Singapore, Germany, India and South Africa, with the largest importers are USA. Indonesia is still the third largest producer after China and India in global markets, whereas the climate and land suitability of Indonesia is very potential.
Modern researchers support for its use as a 'traditional herb'. From the research, its extract, either from its fresh and dried rhizome, efficacious in dealing with bacterial infections, fungal infections, seizures, pain, wounds and gastric disorders, tumors, cramps and allergic reactions. The extract which is examined is the appropriate standard gingerol, which is an extract that does not lose flavor and sharp aroma.
Research on animal experiments ( mice) that is performed in China and western countries, showed that the fresh rhizome is effective for relieving pain and infection. Experiments in vitro (laboratory) showed that ginger oil inhibits oxidation (= are antioxidants) that may reduce the risk of cancer, and also inhibits the growth of microorganism such as bacteria.
Ginger oil is also beneficial for blood circulation. It has a property anticoagulant (anti blood clotting) that is more powerful than garlic or onion. It is also capable of lowering cholesterol levels because it can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the blood and liver. Research conducted by experts in Japan showed that this oil can lower blood pressure by reducing peripheral blood flow rate.
Experts also try it to treat migraine. These tests are encouraged therapies to treat disorders of the nervous system. Its benefit as a migraine drug still requires further research.
In most cases preferred ginger oil research to determine their effect on digestion. In the land of China, the results of research conducted to humans showed that a drink made of fresh rhizome can reduce gastric acid secretion for several hours. Then it increased again after some time. Another study states that its dried root will strengthen the stomach, small intestine and prevents vomiting.
Recent studies indicate that acetone and methanol extracts from the rhizome has a strong effect to inhibit the occurrence of injury in the stomach. Other studies show that gingerol able to overcome the affect toxicity (poisoning) in the liver by increasing bile acid.

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Nutmeg Oil

Nutmeg oil which has the best quality in the world of commerce is derived from Myristica fragrans H. It needs a hot marine climates (25-30 ° C), but wet, rainfall 2500 mm / year. Its crops can be grown in the lowlands of less than 700 m above sea level on sandy soil mixed with humus. Its trees height can reach 12 m. The trees begin flowering and fruiting after the age of 4-6 years, and earning up to 25 years to bear fruit. Its shaped oval to oblong, and the outer portion of the rind. Under the flesh of the fruit, there is shell covered by red nets called mace. Under the shell there is the seed.
Its plants scattered in the region of Sumatra, Aceh, Java, Sulawesi and Mollucas. The largest cultivation areas are located in Aceh and Maluku.
Nutmeg oil production is performed by water and steam distillation from the its seeds. Its essential oil yield of about 7-16%, while the mace oil yield of about 4-15%. The oil from young seed produces a greater yield than the old.
The main compounds of nutmeg oil is myristin (miristin) which are toxic and has a narcotic effect, so the use of this oil in the food industry and medicine is very little. It is also used in the perfume industry and toothpaste.
Indonesia plays an important role in the world market of nutmeg oil because most of the needs of the world are supplied from this country. Other major producing countries are Granada, India, and Madagascar. More than 60% of the world's nutmeg from Indonesia with export volume of more than 200 tons / year, tends to stabilize until 2007. But in 2008, their nutmeg oil production declined drastically due to the pests that attack the crops in Sumatra. In the terms of its value, the development of the export value showed a significant increase.
There are three parts of its high economic value. Its mace, is widely used as a spice in cooking or being extracted to produce juice which has benefit as raw materials of cosmetics and perfumes. The brown seeds, is the most widely used. They are grinded into a variety of spices, perfumes, cosmetics, essential oils, preservatives etc.
Its plants (Myristica fragrans Houtt) are native to Indonesia from the Banda Islands and the Moluccas. Their notoriety as a spice plants has been known since the 16th century. In international trade, the seed from Indonesia is known as "Banda nutmeg". Until now, they are the world's largest producer. Its crops is known for its spice plants that have economic value. The fruit consists of pulp (77.8%), mace (4%), shell (5.1%) and seeds (13.1%). High economic value of the its fruit is provided by its seed and mace which can be extracted to be essential oil. One effort to use its flesh is to make candied nutmeg and syrup which is famous, delicious, and fragrant, and generally conducted by small household businesses. So, empowerment of that small businesses today need to be increased. Through the empowerment of this small scale business, the product is expected to be Indonesia export commodity exports accompanying seeds, mace and nutmeg oil.

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Clove oil

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) as a source of clove oil, including herbaceous plant species which can possess great trees and hardwood. Higher plants can reach 15-20 meters and can last up to hundreds of years. Its plants have unique properties because all the parts of trees contain oils, ranging from roots, stems, leaves to flowers. The content of this oil on the parts of these plants vary in number but the highest oil content found on the flowers (20%) while the handle and leaves contain approximately 4-6%.
Clove production area is spread in almost all regions in Indonesia from Aceh to Papua with an area of the largest in Java and Sulawesi. The area of the plant is increased slightly each year or more stable.
The simplest way of production to get its oil is by water and steam distillation with the old distillery around 7-8 hours for wet leaves and 6-7 hours for the distillation of dried leaves.
Use of the pressure gradually from 1 bar to 2 bar can shorten long distillation into 4-5 hours.
Clove leaf oil is yellowish until translucent in color having a spicy flavor, hard, and smelled its unique scent. The color of its oil will change to brown or purple if the oil comes in contact with iron or due to storage.
Its production center is located in Central Java, West Java, East Java, West Sumatera, Bali and South Sulawesi. In 2007, Indonesia produce about 2,500 tons with an estimated world consumption of about 3,500 tonnes / year. However, the volume of exports is very small, because most of this essential oil is processed into derivative products that are exported more on derivatives products, such as eugenol, eugenol acetate, etc..
Benefits of clove oil is not as popular as olive oil or eucalyptus oil, but it is also effective for health. It is a volatile oil that can be used as an alternative treatment. Many of the substances contained in clove oil showed the properties of antibiotics, anti-virus, anti-fungal and has efficacy as an antiseptic. In addition it was also found that it contain about 60-90 percent eugenol. The content of other compounds in this oil is manganese, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium, fiber, iron, potassium and calcium. Vitamins are needed by the body is also found in the oil, especially vitamin C and vitamin K.
Based on the research note that clove oil can reduce inflammation in the body, improve immune system naturally, improving blood circulation, increase metabolism and help cope with stress and depression.

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