Natural antibiotic from essential oil

Essential oil has been widely used as natural antibiotic in developed countries and some developing countries, especially in countries where there are laws that prohibit the use of certain antibiotics, for example, the ban of avoparcin use at Denmark in 1995 and 1996 at Germany. Then in 1997, avoparcin was banned from use in Europe. The others such as streptogramin, virginiamycin, tylosin and Zn-bacitracin are also known causing human health problems and banned.
The workings of natural antibiotics from essential oil
In vitro studies showed that volatile compounds from various plants have antimicrobial and antifungal that can inhibit and kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as other pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract.
Active substances carvacrol and thymol from oregano and thyme can lower the incidence of Proline proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by Lawsonia intracellulari and coccidiosis in chickens. Both types of the disease are known worldwide as the cause of economic loss.
Green tea extract can not only improve the condition of the microflora in the human digestive tract, but also inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in cattle and chickens. The essential oil of cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, garlic, rosemary, tea, fennel, black cumin, blackberry, peppermint, nutmeg, turi flowers (Sesbania grandiflora syn. Aeschynomene grandiflora), and Indonesian bay-leaf or Indonesian laurel are also known to decrease the incidence of diarrhea in cattle and chickens and reduce mortality in chickens .
Furthermore, oregano improves skin color of chicken eggs and improve the condition of chicken manure (no wet dirt). Application of thymol and carvacrol can stop fermentation in cattle feces, inhibiting the formation of short chain fatty fly, and reduce the smell of dirt.
Laboratory analysis showed that there is no residue left due to the use of natural antibiotic from essential oil and an increase in carcass quality. From the economic point of view, they can lower the cost of livestock production and is believed to stimulate the decline in meat prices, so that more poor people are able to purchase and consume meat. And the absence of certain political influence, increasing of protein consumption decreases the incidence of malnutrition.
The concept of livestock production without the use of synthetic antibiotic is new concept and it can be applied in tropical countries, although it is in the environmental stress conditions such as temperature, humidity, and disease. The use of essential oils in Indonesia to be important in improving the quality of products from livestock demanded to be able to compete with products from the foreign countries. Moreover, the requirements of importing countries become more complex, such as free from various diseases and the standard requirements of the antibiotic residues.
Therefore, natural antibiotic from essential oil should be developed further to provide safe and good quality food, and also not cause other negative impacts on humans.

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