Natural antibiotic from essential oil

Essential oil has been widely used as natural antibiotic in developed countries and some developing countries, especially in countries where there are laws that prohibit the use of certain antibiotics, for example, the ban of avoparcin use at Denmark in 1995 and 1996 at Germany. Then in 1997, avoparcin was banned from use in Europe. The others such as streptogramin, virginiamycin, tylosin and Zn-bacitracin are also known causing human health problems and banned.
The workings of natural antibiotics from essential oil
In vitro studies showed that volatile compounds from various plants have antimicrobial and antifungal that can inhibit and kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as other pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract.
Active substances carvacrol and thymol from oregano and thyme can lower the incidence of Proline proliferative enteropathy (PE) caused by Lawsonia intracellulari and coccidiosis in chickens. Both types of the disease are known worldwide as the cause of economic loss.
Green tea extract can not only improve the condition of the microflora in the human digestive tract, but also inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in cattle and chickens. The essential oil of cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, garlic, rosemary, tea, fennel, black cumin, blackberry, peppermint, nutmeg, turi flowers (Sesbania grandiflora syn. Aeschynomene grandiflora), and Indonesian bay-leaf or Indonesian laurel are also known to decrease the incidence of diarrhea in cattle and chickens and reduce mortality in chickens .
Furthermore, oregano improves skin color of chicken eggs and improve the condition of chicken manure (no wet dirt). Application of thymol and carvacrol can stop fermentation in cattle feces, inhibiting the formation of short chain fatty fly, and reduce the smell of dirt.
Laboratory analysis showed that there is no residue left due to the use of natural antibiotic from essential oil and an increase in carcass quality. From the economic point of view, they can lower the cost of livestock production and is believed to stimulate the decline in meat prices, so that more poor people are able to purchase and consume meat. And the absence of certain political influence, increasing of protein consumption decreases the incidence of malnutrition.
The concept of livestock production without the use of synthetic antibiotic is new concept and it can be applied in tropical countries, although it is in the environmental stress conditions such as temperature, humidity, and disease. The use of essential oils in Indonesia to be important in improving the quality of products from livestock demanded to be able to compete with products from the foreign countries. Moreover, the requirements of importing countries become more complex, such as free from various diseases and the standard requirements of the antibiotic residues.
Therefore, natural antibiotic from essential oil should be developed further to provide safe and good quality food, and also not cause other negative impacts on humans.

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Organic insecticide from pepper spices

Did you know that the spices in your kitchen, hiding incredible potential as an organic insecticide? One is Pepper (Piper nigrum L.), the spices which never missed its presence in a mixture of Indonesian cuisine proved capable of controlling warehouse pests/ insect of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), which can cause damage to 70% on green beans in the warehouse. Control of C. maculatus in storage is commonly done is by fumigation. However, excessive fumigation and continuously can have negative impacts, including resistance, resurgence, as well as the effect on human health and the environment.
Green beans or mung bean are one source of vegetable protein from beans class that cultivated by many farmers in Indonesia. But in the cultivation of green beans, farmers frequently encounter problems in the field or in storage (postharvest). The problem that often arises in the storage warehouse is pest Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). The use of spice plants as botanical insecticides is a method that is economical and easy control of the bugs attacks.
Utilization of pepper as an organic insecticide or plant-based insecticides is an environmentally friendly alternative and in accordance with the principles of Integrated Management of Warehouse Pest. Based on the research, pepper gets its spicy heat mostly from the piperine compound, which is found both in the outer fruit and in the seed. Black pepper contains between 4.6% and 9.7% piperine by mass, and white pepper slightly more than that. Refined piperine, by weight, is about one percent as hot as the capsaicin. While the pepper essential oil contains Limonene, pinene, myrcene, Phellandrene, beta-caryophyllene, Beta-bisabolene, Sabinene, Linalol, Pinocarveol, Alpha, terpineol, Camphene, Alpha, Terpenene. Piperine and its essential oil work together as a nerve poison and stomach poison . Its fruit is euthanizing or anesthetizing because of its piperine substances which have similarities to morphine (an alkaloid).
How to get rid of bugs using pepper and other spices
Its seeds finely ground and then sieved with a sieve mesh size of 0.05 to get the powder. Then, the powder is mixed evenly on the surface of mung bean seed with a minimum concentration of 0.5% (w / w). The powder will coat the entire surface of the mungbeen seeds, resulting in pest C. maculatus reluctant to lay their eggs on the surface of the green beans (kacang hijau). The powder also penetrate into the pores of the surface of mungbeans, causing C. maculatus larval would not grow well, and eventually die. This experiment has been tested in insect physiology and toxicology laboratory, Department of Plant Protection., Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) of Indonesia.
The experimental result showed that the spice powder and drying treatment proved effective in inhibiting the development of C. maculates and does not reduce germination of green beans. It showed high effectiveness in the treatment of Java chili and pepper powder combined with drying for one week, which can inhibit up to more than 90%. Turmeric powder treatment also effectively inhibited the development of C. maculates up to 50%.
Now, you can try by yourself to use spices such as pepper as an organic insecticide to repel insects from food stock in the kitchen.

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Types of Aromatherapy

The types of aromatherapy using essential oil are categorized as internally and externally aromatherapy. However, the effectiveness of the active ingredient from any materials that will be used needs to be learned before. It aims to obtain an optimal effect and right-of-use.
Internal aromatherapy types
In the form of liquid, pure essential oil can be directly consumed orally (eat or drink by mouth) and through inhalation (inhaled through the nose). Examples of these are the oils of peppermint, clove, anise, basil, mint, rosemary, chamomile, bergamot, basil, betel, and others. Some products made from essential oils have also been produced, among others, in the form of lozenges, stick incense or cone, candles, and evaporation using burners.
Stick essence works as incense. How to use stick incense: burn the upper end of essence stick and place it in the stick holder. Then place them in a corner of the room that we want to be filled with fragrance. The length of stick essence burn approximately 20 minutes, but the fragrance can last up to approximately 1.5 hours. It is not recommended for people with asthma and cold caused by allergy in the morning.
Types of external aromatherapy
In general, the use of aromatherapy is mostly done outside the body externally than internally from within the body. As a material for medicines, essential oil easily absorbed when direct contact with the skin layer. However, this is more optimal if it is done by using the proper way. Some methods are often done in between a massage and water therapies.
The recommended ways for massage are: rub your body with essential oils just before bed. It feels a bit sticky and bitter (if licked); but then your body feel quite warm and, because of the aromatic fragrance, the feeling and the mind becomes more calm and relaxed. It is recommended to use oil with a fragrance intended for the afternoon / evening. After a few times, then the skin will feel supple, soft and not dry and cracked. Essential oils can also be used without the massage.
Bath salts are usually affixed to the water to soak. The content of salts and aromatic fragrance makes your body becomes fresh, gives you smooth skin, and the calm mind. If you do not have a bath tub to soak, then soak the feet with water spiked with a tablespoon of bath salts is enough to make fatigue and aches in the legs disappeared, and the mind calm. Adjust the aromatic fragrance for morning or afternoon / evening. It can also be replaced by a few drops of essential oil.
If you do not have much time to soak; you can still feel the fragrance in the bath. Soap scented with a choice of various fragrances of aromatherapy can replace the that salts. Its use is very easy just like using regular soap. Besides the skin becomes smooth, feel fresh, and relaxing your thoughts with aromatic soap.
The proper use of the types of aromatherapy uses essential oils greatly assist the efficient and accurate work of active ingredients.

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Essential oil recipe to heal diarrhea

Essential oil recipe traditionally had been found to generate the power to heal diarrhea. Research shows that the oxygen molecules in that essential oil react with water in human body to create heat that kills microbes or germs by dehydrating them. In 1992, Pakistan Pharmaceutical journal contains research results prove that certain essential oils killing more V. Cholera and E. coli bacteria strain (which causing that disease) compared with antibiotics such as Ampicillin and Tetracillin.
Partawa and Dewi research published in Jurnal Kimia/ Indonesia Journal of Chemistry (2008) 2 (2), showed that assay results of the essential oil of Alpinia galanga L. (galangal/ greater galangal/ Thai galangal/ blue ginger/ Thai ginger/ Langkwas/ Lengkuas/ galangal root) to the bacteria E. coli at a concentration of 100 ppm and 1000 ppm, indicating its good resistance to that bacteria.
This disease may occur for various reasons, partly because the food factor, nerve, and microbes. Of all these causes, the most important thing is to drink plenty of water, then rub a solution of the recipe (bellow) in vegetable oil on the entire surface of the abdomen.
a. Essential oil recipe to heal diarrhea caused by dietary factors
Use the ointment with the following solution:
Oil of chamomile (2 drops), peppermint (3), and eucalyptus (1)
Dissolve them in 1 teaspoon vegetable oil, then rub the whole surface of the stomach.
b. Neural factors
For curing diarrhea caused by nerves, use the ointment with the following solution:
Oil of chamomile (1 drop), eucalyptus (2), and lavender (3).
c. Microbial Factor
To cure diarrhea caused by microbial, use the ointment with the following solution:
Oil of thyme (3 drops), lavender (2), and tea tree (1)
Oral medications
In order to get rid of the diarrhea caused by neurological disorders and food, use 1 drop of peppermint oil, whereas in the case caused by microbes, use of eucalyptus oil. The oil is dissolved in 1 tablespoon of honey, then drink. Diarrhea treatment with aromatherapy is only as a complementary treatment, so the patients should see a doctor if the symptoms have not disappeared or diminished.
It appears that some of them it is still difficult to find at an affordable price. To overcome this, that products which are difficult to obtain should not be used or can be replaced with the others which are easily available and have the same efficacy. For example, chamomile oil can be replaced with fennel oil or ginger oil. Although it is less beneficial, but this is the best possible way for modify essential oil recipe to heal diarrhea. It's important to consult your doctor before using that recipe since everybody has different physical condition.

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What is aromatherapy

What is aromatherapy
Aromatherapy actually covers three inter-related factors. They are the body, mind and spirit. Because it is a form of treatment or on behalf of Aromatherapy products must be able to provide a real therapeutic effect which includes the above 3 things. Not just talking about factors of the body as long as this develops. And the bottom line again is that aromatherapy is not only about the 'beauty' or beauty alone. But more than that, Aromatherapy is a form of 'healing' or the healing process.
Aromatherapy is a form of therapy by using essential oils or 'aromatic' oils. Pharmacologically, essential oils have a real efficacy in the treatment and healing our bodies from various health problems. So with a foothold in the natural health, it was a natural beauty will shine. One example of the use of aromatherapy for body care is the use of eucalyptus oil to treat stomach aches. Who can deny the real efficacy of White Wood oil? As we all know primarily by the Indonesian community that this type of essential oil is always used as a reference if you have mild health problems in the abdominal area and our breathing. Only with smeared on the experience health problems, then the effect will be immediate and the pain was reduced even with the soon to be healed. Well, this is a real efficacious Aromatherapy for the body. Or another example is the use of oil in the oil Cironella wasps as a cure wounds. Look at how quickly the wound dry. That's because Citronella oil has the ability to freeze blood and regenerate skin cells rapidly. Even in an SPA product, Citronella oil mixed into the body scrubs. Given that the pharmacological Citronella is also antiseptic, so the cream is not just a function scrubs remove dead skin cells, but also kills the bacteria that exist in the skin.
In addition to real merit to the health and beauty of the body, essential oils also affect the mind (mind). When someone is having thoughts that cause tension headaches, essential oils such as Fennel (anise) is soothing, will be able to relax the nerves. A gentle warmth will help relax the muscles and blood circulation. The aroma was when inhaled by the nose and was captured by the receptors in the nostril, will be forwarded to the brain for later nerve-nerve response in accordance with the orders of the brain. And stretching the nerves will feel.
The stability of the soul (spirit) we are influenced by psychological factors. If the pressure of certain circumstances as a consequence of this life have brought someone on the unstable psychological condition, then it really needs to watch out and do treatment as early as possible. An example is the life of a career in the big cities. Accelerating the development of civilization has indirectly forced the professionals we are to exert all abilities both physically seemed to mind. That in turn will lead to fatigue, even to the extent of depression. And this is a real fact. As evidence is my experience over many years to pursue this Aromatherapy business. Most of our customers are in the productive age between ages 25 to 40 years. And most of them looking for Aromatherapy for the peace of the soul as a healer of their souls anxiety due to the demands of civilization. This is where the essential oil would be very instrumental. Certain oils such as Rose oil, Jasmine, greentea, Sandalwood, Ylang ylang Cempaka and will bring the feel of soul lovers Aromatherapy to calm the situation that alpha waves lull even
From the brief exposition above, then we can catch a picture of the function of essential oil therapy is called Aromatherapy. So a product can be regarded as aromatherapy if it contains essential oils as the active substance is real merit in providing therapeutic effects for the body (BODY), thought (MIND) and soul (Soul) as a whole. If just a scent that can affect mood alone (soul) but not efficacious person physically (body) and mind (mind), then it can not be regarded as Aromatherapy.

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Essential oil recipe to make bath salt

Essential oil recipe combined with magnesium compound can be used to make bath salt. Magnesium (epsom salt) with chemical formula MgSO4.7H2O used to increase levels of minerals in the water. It is preferred than NaCl because it does not cause dryness of the skin.
Stress can remove magnesium from the body. The content of magnesium sulfate in epsom salt dissolved in warm water can be absorbed through the skin and replenishes the level of magnesium in the body. Magnesium helps us to produce serotonin, a chemical that enhances mood in the brain and creates a sense of calm and relaxation. Both could help recharging your energy. Research shows that it also increases endurance and energy that triggers the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an energy package in the cell. It can reduce irritation by reducing the effects of adrenaline, also reduce blood pressure, creating a sense of relaxation, improve sleep quality, concentration and helps muscles and nerves function properly. The epsom is easily obtained at any drugstore or supermarket. Cheap and versatile, it can be used for a number of different applications around the home. Many of the applications should be done with speed healing and improve skin quality and assist with basic care.
Its efficacy depends on the type of volatile substances used. Some of them is made with the different purpose or function, i.e. to provide a healing effect on the disease, to provide a relaxing effect, to provide refreshment and other effects. Each function is derived from its formula that differ in type, composition, and concentration of essential oil used.
Making bath salt using essential oil recipe can be carried out using: patchouli, ylang-ylang, nutmeg, cloves, turmeric, ginger, lemongrass, and peppermint oil. The formulas are made of four themes, it is sensual, relaxing, javaspicess, and peppermint.
1. Sensual
Epsom salt 97%
Oil of cananga (1.5%), and patchouli (1%)
2. Relaxing
Epsom 97%
Oil of cananga (1%), nutmeg (1%), and patchouli (1%)
3. Java spices
Epsom 97%
Oil of cloves (0.5%), turmeric (0.5%), ginger (0.5%), nutmeg (0.5%), lemongrass (0.5%), and patchouli (0.5%)
4. Peppermint
Epsom 97%
Oil of peppermint (1.5%), patchouli and (1.5%).
From the formula above, you can find and make bath salt from essential oil recipe according to your own taste and using materials that are easy to get.

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Essential oil use for transparent soap

The essential oil use for transparent soap is one of its utilization as an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic ingredients for the skin, in addition of the creams form. This product was chosen since it is used in everyday activities for body, face, hands and other limbs. It gives a relaxing effect through the aroma, and also gives the effect of treatment for skin problems like acne, eczema due to fungi, and other skin diseases. For health skin, the use of this efficacious product is aim to maintain our healthy skin.
To make this nutritious product, the volatile substances used are generally derived from plants that include in the family of Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, and Styraceae. The use of essential oil for transparent soap is aim to overcome the infection, inflammation, acne, relaxation, refreshment, and others.
It is produced by dissolving soap and alcohol by heating to form a clear solution, which is then added by perfumes and dyes. It is often referred as glycerine soap, because the making process need glycerine added about 10-15 percent. Raw materials used in the manufacture of transparent soap is a lauric acid, stearic acid, glycerin, surfactants, sodium hydroxide, sugar (sucrose), ethanol, EDTA, BHT, fragrance, and water. Usefulness effects are derived from the types of fragrance used, i.e. patchouli, vetiver, cinnamon, ylang, citrus, or tea trea oil, and others.
It has the power to effectively clean without leaving bubble. It will feel softer on your hands. It is widely used as a unique souvenir, birthday souvenirs, greeting souvenirs, as well as for a wedding gift. With its elegant and charming looks, it can be made into a variety of forms according to your design and a unique souvenir. Their appearance is so attractive, classy and luxurious so that it is sold at a price that is relatively more expensive and consumed by the middle to upper economic community.
How to make transparent soap from the essential oil
The tools needed, among others, are the heater tank, mixer machines, stoves, scales, container materials, additional container material, molds, cutting tools and packaging. As an initial step, the stock is made by mixing stearic acid with NaOH 20 ° Be as much as 98.3 g at the temperature of 90-100°Celsius for 30 minutes. Furthermore, other materials, such as glycerin, surfactants, DEA, EDTA, BHT, water, sugar, propylene glycol, foam boaster are mixed at the temperature of 90-95°Celsius for 30 minutes. After a homogeneous mixture, the temperature is lowered to 70°Celsius. The stock then is added by the essential oil, molded, and cooled to room temperature. The essential oil use for transparent soap is not restricted to one type of essential oil, but a combination of them could also be used to obtain various benefits.

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Essential oil raw material optimization

Optimization of raw material quality for essential oil extraction need to be done because it will affect the yield. Qualityof raw materials is influenced by the quality of cultivation which include the appropriate agro-climate requirement, varieties, cultivation technology applied and the proper harvest age. All of that must meet the Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). Harvest handling can affect the yield and completeness of its components.
Research Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Balittro) of Indonesia has obtained four superior patchouli clones with patchouli alcohol levels above the required quality (more than 30%). They are Cisaroni, Lhoksumawe, Sidikalang, and Tapak Tuan. The clones can be used as reference in the selection of patchouli clones. In addition to forms or clones of plants, optimization of raw material quality for extraction of essential oil can be done by setting the age of harvest. Patchouli plants can be harvested after the age of 6-8 months and subsequent harvests can be done every 3-4 months. When the leaves are too young, the possibility of secondary metabolites which are formed is less than perfect so that it affect on final product quality.
Vetiver essential oil, distilled from the young rhizome, having low specific gravity, optical rotation and is difficult to soluble in alcohol, mostly consists of terpenes and sesquiterpenes. The older rhizome produce vetiver oil which has higher specific gravity and optical rotation, is soluble in alcohol and more intensive smell. At the extraction of jasmine oil, the flowers are picked at the optimum level of aging. In the case of white jasmine oil (Jasminum sambac), the milky white flowers are chosen to be picked, while at the case of gambier jasmine (Jasminum officinale), the flowers are picked at the young age of purple flowers. Optimization of raw material quality for essential oil extraction can also be done by shortening the time gap between the harvest and the processing or distillation, so there will be less volatile substances lost during handling of raw material.

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